HISTORY / GEOGRAPHY
Old Tropical Civilisation
Majority Plain / Fertile Land
5000 yr old civilisation
Veda-Budha-Sufi ism Culture
Aryan invasion, Asoka,
Dynastic Rule, MuslimRule,
British Rule upto 1947
Size: Km x Km
Max.length 3300
Max.breadth 3300
Area 30 lac km2
Border 10,000 km
sea shore 4,000 km
Resources
Fertile Land(km2) 20 lac
(lakh hect) 2,000
Rivers(No.) 40
Wet Land 1500 lac hect
Minerals : Iron, mica, Aluminium
Copper, Zinc, etc
Fuels : Coal Lim. Reserve
Oil &Gas (mTe/yr) 32
U & Th (Promising for India)
Enough Reserve for 100 yr
Cultures:
Official Languages = 18
Dialects : Major=300; total=1600
Regionals : Bengal / Uriya / N.E.,
UP / Bihar, MP /Rajasthan,
Punjab / HP, Kashmir / Laddakh
Gujrat, Maratha, Telegu, Tamil,
Malyali, Kannad, etc
SOCIETY
Intelligent, Simple & tolerant people
Highly heterogeneous in nature
Multi-lingual,-cultural,-religious/caste
Inclusive, non-materialistic, peace-loving,
Belief in Family / Moral Values &Wisdom
High Regards for Elders, Gurus &Saints.
Lower Castes catching up the mainstream
Population
1100000000
growth 1.5% per year
110 crore Reproduction= 3.5per woman
1.1 billion
Demography %age
Upper Caste 10
OBC's 35
SC / Dalits + ST 25 + 10
Muslims+Sikh&oth 15 + 5
Rural ( 6 / family) 65 12 Cr Fam
Urban ( 5 / family) 35 8 Cr Fam
Literacy 70% M - 80%; F-60%
grads.+ High Sch 10 + 10
Middle + primary 10 + 10
Govt.Schools 10 lacs 1cr Teachrs
Colleges 10,000 3 lac Lecturers
(SSA --- Sarv Siksha Abhyan ---- Successful Mission ---- eqvt. to 50 lacs temporary Classes with employment to 1 crore people as tutors.)
Age Break-up %age Working
Elders+Kids 10+25 0
35 - 60yrs 20 15
18 - 35yrs 30 20
10 --18yrs 15 5
Unemployment 10 - 15 %
Tot. Govt.Servants 2 crores (incl PSUs)
Health & Care (Allo,Ayur,Unani,etc)
Hospitals 12,000 10Lac Beds
Doctors 5 Lac (incl Govt)
Nurses 5 Lac 5Lac Quaks
TB, Malaria, Daerrhia, malnutrition prevailing.
POLITY
Maturing and Vibrant Electoral Democracy
Panchayat-to-Parliament type pyramid
Soveriegn and Secular Federal Republic
Provincial in Structure & Nationalist in Spirit
Westminster Center / State Model
Mandal / Mandir Vs Development Politics
Rise of Regional Parties results in Coalition Govts.
Legislatives ( For making Laws )
Lok Sabha 543 MPs
Rajya Sabha 241 MPs
Voters Number 60 crores
States 29 6 UT's
State Assemblies 1 MLA per 3 lac popul
Vill Panchayats 2.5 lakhs
Deptts / Ministries : Home, Defence, Finance,
Railways, HRD, S&T,Inf.&Telecom, DAE,etc
Total Cent.Govt.Staffs = 40 lakhs
Executives (For Law Enforcement)
Districts 600
Sub Divisions 2000
Police 10 lakhs
Administrations 20 lakhs
Corruption still prevails here making things
difficult for better governance and development
Judiciary(For Pronouncing Justice&Order)
Courts 15,000
Total Personnel 5 lakhs
3 crore pending cases
Complex Laws and insufficient Infrastructure
causing delay / denial of justice
Defence (For Borders and Internal Security)
Army + Navy + Air Force
Active Manpower: 11 lakhs
Other Supports : Armors, Artillaries, Nuclear
Warheads, Aircrafts & Missiles
Media& Other Constitutional Bodies :
EC, NHRC, UGC, CBI, NCERT, ICHR,SEBI, TRAI
UPSC, ASI, etc
Media : >5,000 dailies, 20,000 Weeklies,
15,000 Monthlies, & >60TV News channels
Mostly Free, diverse &unbiased
ECONOMY
Based on Agriculture & Services: Land Reforms Critical
Socialist Type (Public+Private) designed by Planning Commission
1992: joined WTO ; Reforms / Privatisation in progress
Manufacture / Infrastructure Industry Growing
Nehruvian Approach &Gandhian Spirit of Development
Knowledge / IT Sectors Fast Growing & termed world Class
Road, Electricity, Water and Sanitation still the Main Issues.
Indicators
GDP 3,700,000 Cr. ( ~ $ 900 b)
Growth 9% per yr.(sustainable)
Average Income 34,000 per capita / yr
1,50,000 per family / yr
Agriculture(25%of GDP) 70,000 for 11 cr Fam. Each
Manufacturing(20%) 300,000 for 1.5 cr Fam. Each
Services (55%) 200,000 for 7.5 cr Fam. Each
Inflation Rate 4 - 5 % (Under Control)
Forex Reserves $250 billion ($120b foreign loan)
Poverty Level 20% BPL <>
Major Consumptions
Food Grains 250 mTe / yr
Surplus Production 40-50 mTe / yr
Petroleum. Oil 140 mTe / yr
( Avg. $ 80 / barrel) 40 indeginious
Crude ( Rs. 16 /lit) 160,000 Crores / yr
Iron & Steel 40 mTe / yr
Power Generation 150,000 Mwatt-Capacity
Growth 5000 Mwatt / year
Annual Budget 750,000 crores
Tax (PI+CI+Indirect) +550,000 cr (120 +180 +250)
PSU Profits + Others +75,000 cr(50 + 25)
Deficit (Loans+Credits) +115,000 cr (3% of GDP)
Defence budget - 105,000 cr (2.8%ofGDP)
Education& Health - 110,000 cr (3% of GDP)
Agro Sector + Subsidies - 120,000 cr (3% of GDP)
Cent.Govt.Salary/Pens - 75,000 cr (excldg.defence)
Infrastructure & Industry - 90,000 crores
Loan Interest Payments - 140,000 cr (3.5% of GDP)
States& Other Payments - 100,000 cr(incl. subsidies)
Separate Rail Budget 70,000 Cr. >30% Profit
Misscellneous Informations
1500 Engg. Colleges, 30 lac engineers., 60 lac Tech.Staffs; 6 lac Lawyers;4 Cr. Organised Employees ; 30 lac km Roads; 60,000 km.Railways;Rs.5,000Cr.Film Industry; 10 Cr. TVs, 18 Cr. Mobile/Phones and 2.5 Cr PC's and all growing very fast.
Union Budget Plan and Non-Plan Expenses = 170,000 & 400,000 Crores respectively